News

SpeckleCon 2024

Mark the date! Join us on for a workshkop on November 14 at Speckle Con in London.

We will demonstrate a workflow that integrates the SpeckleAutomate function to automate embodied carbon calculations for structures designed and optimized in Karamba3D. Participants will learn how to use the Karamba3D Connector to match structural data from the Speckle Structural Model with a Embodied Carbon database, enabling efficient interaction, option exploration, and version control of different structural designs.

The workshop will guide attendees through the creation of a simple Karamba3D model, setting up a Speckle Structural Model, and implementing a basic Speckle Automate script to synchronize data between an Excel database and the structural model. This hands-on session will provide practical insights into streamlining sustainable design workflows.

Taught by Matthew Tam & Georg Lobe.

Tickets available: https://conf.speckle.systems/
More info on SpeckleCon workshops: https://speckle.systems/blog/specklecon-2024-workshops/
#Karamba3D #SpeckleCon #SpeckleCon2024

Version 3 Manual

Excited to announce the release of the updated Karamba3D Manual ! The manual is the official guide to using Karamba3D Version 3. Explore the latest features and take your designs to the next level!

Webinar – Version 3

We will present a free webinar to show you the latest updates from the newly released Karamba3D Version 3 and also showcase some of our ongoing developments!

Date: Wednesday 26 June 2024
Time: 11:00-12:00 CEST

Presenters: Clemens Preisinger, Georg Lobe & Matthew Tam

Register here

New Release

Karamba3D 3.1.4 is out now! Upgrade now!

It is free to upgrade for all PRO Annual, EDU, LAB licenses. PRO Unlimited users can receive a discount to upgrade their existing licenses. Get in touch with us!

IASS 2024

As part of the IASS 2024 hosted by ETH Zürich, we will be cohosting a workshop named “Parametric Engineering with Karamba3D: Enhancing Collaboration and Sustainability” together with Keerthana Udaykumar and Viki Sándor.

25 August 2024

Workshops – Karamba3D

ControlMad Spring 2024

We are excited to once again be teaching as part of the Master Course in Parametric Design hosted by ControlMad.

Registration

Karamba3D on Rhino8

Karamba3D can be used on Rhino8 too! Simply use the installer for Rhino7 or search for it in the PackageManager.

For PC users, you might have to adjust your .NET settings in Rhino8.

SpeckleCon – 14/15 October

We are excited to present some new features at this year’s SpeckleCon. The event is free so make sure to register now!

Registration and more info

Unleashing Superpowers with Karamba3D

Taking structural analysis in grasshopper to the next level: a free webinar hosted by LearnGrasshopper.

14.09.2023 || 14:00 – 15:00 CEST

Registration

IASS 2023 Masterclass

As part of the symposium, IASS 2023 offers a series of exciting Masterclasses, delivered by experts from world-leading institutions and technology companies.

Registration

Rhino Developer Meeting

We were super excited to have attended the 2nd McNeel Global Developer Meeting in Barcelona from May 2-3. Looking forward to all the new developments in the McNeel community!

New Workshops Announced

We are happy to announce a series of new online workshops and extended tutorial sessions. Check out our extensive list of workshops on offer.

See more

New Identity

Karamba3D has a new brand identity and website. We are proud to have worked with 101 on our new brand and website and are super excited to launch a new direction!

DigitalFUTURES 2022

Karamba3D teamed up with Digital Blue Foam to conduct a workshop at DigitalFUTURES 2022. Together with the participants we investigated the application of machine learning to estimating the CO2-footprint of parametric structures.

Test out the Prototype

Optinave by Construsoft

Construsoft, a leading BIM supplier and developer has a published a tool for designing industrial steel structures with the help of Shapediver.

Try out the tool.

Read more

You can also find us on

Scientific Publications

The following publications feature Karamba3D in their research. Publications are sorted according to publication date and per category. If you would like to submit your publication to our catalogue, please get in touch with us!

Book
Paper
Thesis
A design framework for a kinetic shading device system for building envelopes

F. T. da Silva, J. C. G. Veras
Frontiers of Architectural Research (October 2023)

Journal

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Generative Design in Structural Engineering
Seán Good 
Master Thesis at Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin (2023)
Computational Validation of the Structural Efficiency of Slabs with Stress Aligned Ribs

Víctor Ramírez

Master Thesis, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (2023)

Geometric optimization and form-finding of steel-stretched barrel vault tensile membrane structure with self-developed module
András D. Nagy
Master Thesis at Budapest University of Technology and Economics Structural Engineering (2023)
read more
FLEXO.IN-FORM. Laminary envelopes to active flexion through geometric-material optimization processes

M.Veizaga, L.Gronda and M.Chiarella
Transformative design. Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi) (2020)

Conference Proceedings

read more
Natural Complexity. An Introduction to Structural Design with Tree Forks: Innovative Techniques of Representation in Architectural Design

L. Allner, D. Kroehnert
Digital Wood Design (January 2019)

Book

read more
Toward Mass Customized Architecture. Applying Principles of Mass Customization While Designing Site-Specific, Customer-Inclusive and Bespoke Timber Structures: Innovative Techniques of Representation in Architectural Design

J. H. Mork, M. Luczkowski, B. Manum, A. Rønnquist
Digital Wood Design (January 2019)

Book

read more
Structural Optimization for Masonry Shell Design Using Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms: Present Practices and Future Scopes

E. Cevizci, S. Kutucu, M. Morales-Beltran, B. Ekici, M. F. Tasgetiren
Optimization in Industry (January 2019)

Book

read more
Design Space Exploration of Initial Structural Design Alternatives via Artificial Neural Networks

O. Yetkin, A. G. Sorguc
eCAADe: Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe / SIGraDi: Sociedad Iberoamericana de Gráfica Digital (September 2019)

read more
An Interactive Structural Optimization of Space Frame Structures Using Machine Learning

Z. Aksös, C. Preisinger
Design Modelling Symposium: Design With all Senses (September 2019)

Proceedings

read more
Parametric Poetry-Integrated solutions for complex geometries with structure and skin

R. Vasudevan, T. Schneider, K. Otto, K. Bollinger, A. Rutschmann
PowerSKIN (January 2019)

Proceedings

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From the Efficiency of Nature to Parametric Design. A Holistic Approach for Sustainable Building Renovation in Seismic Regions

S. d’Urso, B. Cicero
Sustainability 11, 1227 (February 2019)

Journal

read more
Integrated Parametric Shaping of Curvilinear Steel Bar Structures of Canopy Roofs

J. Dzwierzynska
Buildings 9, 72 (March 2019)

Journal

read more
Rationalized Algorithmic-Aided Shaping a Responsive Curvilinear Steel Bar Structure

J. Dzwierzynska
Buildings 9, 61 (March 2019)

Journal

read more
Hyundai Motorstudio Goyang

M. Heimrath, M. Eppenschwandtner, R.Vierlinger, A. Freund, A. Orlinski, C. Preisinger, A. Hofmann
Stahlbau – Vol. 88, Issue 3 (March 2019)

Journal

read more
Capturing Parametric Design Exploration Process

V. Cristie, S.C. Joyce
CAADRIA: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (April 2019)

read more
Design and Analysis of Bending-Active Formwork for Shell Structures based on 3D-Printing Technology

X. Zhang, W. Gao, Y. Xia, X. Wang, Y. Luo, J. Su, J. Jin, P. Yuan
CAADRIA: Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (April 2019)

read more
Design, Construction and Testing of a Low Carbon Thin-Shell Concrete Flooring System

W. Hawkins, J. Orr, P. Shepherd, I. Tim
Structures – Vol. 18 (April 2019)

Journal

read more
Survey of parametric optimization plugins in Rhinoceros used in contemporary architectural design

H. Omid, M. Golabchi
Fourth International Conference on Modern Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Management and Environment (May 2019)

read more
A framework for the optimisation of glazed gridshells in the early design stage under structural and energy-based criteria

T. Pagnacco, G. Masera, A. Weilandt, N. Baldassini
IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science (July 2019)

read more
OPTIMUS: Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution with Ensemble of Mutation Strategies for Grasshopper Algorithmic Modeling

C. Cubukçuoğlu, B. Ekici, M. F. Tasgetiren, S. Sariyildiz
Algorithms 12 (July 2019)

read more
Algorithm-aided structural engineering of steel-framed warehouse

J Mäenpää
Master Thesis – Tampere University of Technology (February 2018)

read more
Optimierungsmöglichkeiten in der Tragwerksplanung durch den Einsatz parametrischer Rechenmodelle

P. Hechinger
Master Thesis – TU Wien (June 2018)

read more
Efficient, Visual, and Interactive Architectural Design Optimization with Model-based Methods

T. Wortmann
PhD Thesis – Singapore University of Technology and Design (July 2018)

read more
Computation of Principal Stress-Aligned Rebar Layouts

R. Pastrana
Master Thesis – ETH (September 2018)

read more
Karamba

C. Preisinger, M. Hemmerling, D. Lemberski, M. Sotomayor, R. Velasco, P. Günther
Informed Architecture (June 2018)

Book

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Using Grounded Theory for the Development of a Structural Optimization Tool as a Form-Finding Method for Architectural Schematic Design

N. Wonoto, V. Blouin
(January 2018)

read more
Earthy Honeycombs: Construction Design of Adobe Shell Structures by Topological Polyhedralization

K. Daw, S. Azadi, P. Nourian, H. Hoogenboom
(January 2018)

read more
Adaptation of Hyperboloid Structure for High-Rise Buildings with Exoskeleton

R. Khoraskani, P. Kazemi, M. Tahsildoost
S.ARCH : The 5th International Conference on Architecture & Built Environment + AWARDs (May 2018)

read more
Pre-Rationalized Parametric Designing of Roof Shells Formed by Repetitive Modules of Catalan Surfaces

J. Dzwierzynska, A. Prokopska
Symmetry (April 2018)

Journal

read more
Biomorpher: Interactive evolution for parametric design

J. Harding, C. Brandt-Olsen
International Journal of Architectural Computing – Vol. 16, Issue 2 (June 2018)

Journal

read more
Mutual effect of geometric modifications and diagrid structure on structural optimization of tall buildings

S. Mirniazmandan, M. Alaghmandan, F. Barazande & E. Rahimianzarif
Architectural Science Review – Vol. 61, Issue 6 (May 2018)

read more
Curved folded wooden assemblies

R. Maleczek, G. Stern, C. Preisinger, M. Heimrath, O. Krieg, A. Metzler
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Boston (July 2018)

Proceedings

read more
An Investigation of Alternative Form-Finding Methods for Free-Form Masonry Shells

M. Constestabile, O. Iuorio, S. Garrity
10 IMS: International Masonry Society – Milan (June 2018)

Proceedings

read more
Combining parametric form generation and design exploration to produce a wooden reticulated shell using natural tree crotches

O. O. Torghabehi, P. V. Buelow, K. Vliet, S. Mankouche
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Boston (July 2018)

Proceedings

read more
Geometry-induced variable stiffness structures

E. Baseta, C. Preisinger, M. Antemann, K. Strehlke, K. Bollinger
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Boston (July 2018)

Proceedings

read more
Form Finding and Design of a Timber Shell-Nexorade Hybrid

R. Mesnil, C. Douthe, T. Gobin, O. Baverel
AAG: Advances in Architectural Geometry (September 2018)

Proceedings

read more
Optimization of structural patterns for tall buildings: The case of diagrid

V. Tomei, I. Maura, E. Mele
Engineering Structures – Vol. 171 (September 2018)

Journal

read more
Shaping curved steel rod structures

J. Dzwierzynska
Technical Transactions – Vol. 8 (October 2018)

read more
Design of a curved-line bending mechanism inspired by skin wrinkles for elastic–kinetic structures in architecture

M. Matini, R. Haghnazar
International Journal of Space Structures (October 2018)

Journal

read more
Branch Formations

L. Allner
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Boston (July 2018)

Proceedings

read more
Limb: Inventory-constrained design method for application of natural tree crotches as heavy timber joinery

O. O. Torghabehi, P. V. Buelow, K. Vliet, S. Mankouche
TxA Emerging Design + Technology (November 2018)

read more
Shaping of Spatial Steel Rod Structures Based on a Hyperbolic Paraboloid

J. Dzwierzynska
Archives of Civil Engineering (November 2018)

Journal

read more
Structural Efficiency of Tall Buildings: by Means of Parametric Design

P. Kazemi, R.A. Khoraskani, M. Tahsildoost
Middle East CTBUH (Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat) (December 2018)

read more
Fabrication-Aware Design of timber shell-nexorade hybrids

T. Gobin, R. Mesnil, C. Douthe, P. Margerit, N. Ducoulombier, L. Demont, H. Delmi, J.F. Caron
Robotic Fabrication in Architecture, Art and Design (January 2018)

Proceedings

read more
Multi-objective Optimization of Solar Curved Surface Based on Parametric Design

L. Zhu, Y. Liu, Y. Yang, S. Chen
Energy Procedia – Vol. 158 (February 2019)

Journal

read more
Integrating multi-functional space and long-span structure in the early design stage of indoor sports arenas by using parametric modeling and multi-objective optimization

W. Pan, M. Turrin, C. Louter, S. Sariyildiz, Y. Sun
Journal of Building Engineering – Vol. 22 (March 2018)

Journal

read more
Structural performance of spoke wheel roof systems

H. Kim
Master Thesis – MIT (September 2017)

read more
Automation of CAD models to BEM models for performance based goal-oriented design methods

L. Santos, S. Schleicher, L. Caldas
Building and Environment – Vol. 112 (February 2017)

Journal

read more
Structural explorations of fabrication-aware design spaces for non-standard architecture

R. Mesnil
PhD Thesis – Universite Paris EST (February 2017)

read more
Linear buckling of quadrangular and kagome gridshells: A comparative assessment

R. Mesnil, C. Douthe, O. Baverel, B. Léger
Engineering Structures (February 2017)

Journal

read more
Angiogenesis as a model for the generation of load-bearing networks

C. Klemmt, K. Bollinger
International Journal of Architectural Computing (March 2017)

Journal

read more
Robotic fabrication of stone assembly details

I. Ariza, T. Shan Sutherland, J. Durham, C. Mueller, W. Mcgee, B. Clifford
Fabricate (April 2017)

Proceedings

read more
RhinoRstab – Introducing and Testing a New Structural Analysis Plugin for Grasshopper3D

D. Demin, S.Dietrich, S.Schneider
CAAD Futures (July 2017)

Proceedings

read more
Interwoven reinforced concrete structures: Integration of design and fabrication drivers through parametric design processes

E. Erdine, A. Kallegias
Design Studies – Vol. 52 (September 2017)

Journal

read more
DigDesFab15 Research Pavilion

A. Gheorghe, R. Vierlinger
(September 2017)

read more
Structural performance of spoke wheel roof systems

H. Kim
Master Thesis – MIT (September 2017)

read more
Intelligent Fabrication – Digital Bridges

M. Tam, L. Bergis, D. Naicu, K de Rycke, A.Orlinski, E. Jankowska
Footbridge (September 2017)

Proceedings

read more
InFormer: designing forming actions in post-formed gridshells by means of MOGAs

E. Pignatelli, G Mirra, S Pone
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Hamburg (September 2017)

Proceedings

read more
Capturing And Visualising Parametric Design Flow Through Interactive Web Versioning Snapshots

V. Cristie, S.C. Joyce
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Hamburg (September 2017)

Proceedings

read more
Marionette Meshes: Modelling free-form architecture with planar facets

R. Mesnil, C. Douthe, O. Baverel, B. Léger
International Journal of Space Structures – Vol. 32, Issue 3-4 (November 2017)

Journal

read more
Reconnoitring computational potentials of the vault-like forms: Thinking aloud on muqarnas tectonics

S. Alaçam, O. Z. Güzelci, E. Gürer Z. Bacinoglu
International Journal of Space Structures – Vol. 15, Issue 4 (October 2017)

Journal

read more
Design for Structural and Energy Performance of Long Span Buildings Using Geometric Multi-Objective Optimization

N. Brown, C. Mueller
Energy and Buildings – Vol. 127 (May 2016)

read more
Data-driven approximation algorithms for rapid performance evaluation and optimization of civil structures

S. Tseranidis, N. Brown, C. Mueller
Automation in Construction – Vol. 72 (June 2016)

Journal|

read more
Early-stage integration of architectural and structural performance in a parametric multi-objective design tool

N. Brown, J. Felipe, C. Mueller
ICSA: International Conference on Structures and Architecture (July 2016)

Proceedings

read more
A multi-objective self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm for conceptual high-rise building design

B. Ekici, I. Chatzikonstantinou, S. Sariyidiz, M. F. Tasgetiren, Q.K. Pan
IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (July 2016)

Proceedings

read more
Curved folded cone assemblies

R. Maleczek, G. Filz, C. Scheiber, M. Heimrath, C. Preisinger
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Tokyo: Spatial Structures (September 2016)

Proceedings

read more
Parametric design and optimization of shell structures using the Natural Force Density Method

M. Souza, R. M. Pauletti
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Tokyo: Spatial Structures (September 2016)

Proceedings

read more
Marionette Mesh: from descriptive geometry to fabrication-aware design

R. Mesnil, C. Douthe, O. Baverel, B. Léger
AAG: Advances in Architectural Geometry (September 2016)

Proceedings

read more
Grammar-based Rhombic Polyhedral Multi-Directional Joints and Corresponding Lattices

Z Mao, P. Latteur, C. Mueller
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Tokyo: Spatial Structures (September 2016)

Proceedings

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The effect of performance feedback and optimization on the conceptual design process

N. Brown, C. Mueller
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Tokyo: Spatial Structures (September 2016)

Proceedings

read more
Funicularity and Equilibrium for High-Performance Conceptual Structural Design

L. Todisco
PhD Thesis – Technical University of Madrid (March 2016)

read more
Graphic Statics and Interactive Optimization for Engineering Education

C. Meuller, J. Ochsendorf, C. Fivet
Structures Congress (April 2015)

Proceedings

read more
Steel Skies and Parametric Engineering

R. Vierlinger, A. Hofmann, M. Eppenschwandtner, M. Heimrath
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Amsterdam: Future Visions (August 2015)

Proceedings

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Combining parametric modeling and interactive optimization for high-performance and creative structural design

R. A. Danhave, C. Mueller
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Amsterdam: Future Visions (August 2015)

Proceedings

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Multi-objective optimization for diversity and performance in conceptual structural design

N. Brown, S. Tseranidis, C. Mueller
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Amsterdam: Future Visions (August 2015)

Proceedings

read more
Linear Double Folded Stripes

R. Maleczek, G. Loriot De Rouvray, C. Preisinger
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Amsterdam: Future Visions (August 2015)

Proceedings

read more
Stress Line Additive Manufacturing (SLAM) for 2.5-D shells

K. M. Tam, N. Fine, J. Coleman, C. Mueller
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Amsterdam: Future Visions (August 2015)

Proceedings

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Parametric evaluation of deployable scissor arches

L. A. Mira, R. Filomeno Coelho, A. P. Thrall, N. D. Temmerman
Engineering Structures – Vol. 99 (September 2015)

Journal

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Stress Line Generation for Structurally Performative Architectural Design

K. M. Tam, C. Mueller
ACADIA: Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture – Computational Ecologies: Design in the Anthropocene (October 2015)

Proceeedings

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Towards AI Drawing Agents

R.Vierlinger
Design Modelling Symposium – Modelling Behaviour (October 2015)

Proceedings

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Accommodating Change in Parametric Design

K. Bollinger, R. Vierlinger
ACADIA: Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture – Computational Ecologies: Design in the Anthropocene (October 2015)

Proceedings

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Historic and Modern Approaches to model driven Structural Design

C. Preisinger, M. Heimrath
Interlocking Digital and Material Cultures (September 2015)

read more
Parametric Design, Physical Simulation and Optimization

K. Bollinger, A. Hofmann, C.Preisinger, R. Vierlinger, C. Zimmel
Fluid Totality Studio Zaha hadid 2000 – 2015 (July 2015)

read more
Approximation Algorithms for Rapid Evaluation and Optimization of Architectural and Civil Structures

S. Tseranidis
Master Thesis – MIT (September 2015)

read more
Approximation Algorithms for Rapid Evaluation and Optimization of Architectural and Civil Structures

S. Tseranidis
Master Thesis – MIT (September 2015)

read more
Evaluation of design parameters for deployable planar scissor arches

L.A. Mira, R.F. Coelho, N. Temmerman, A.P. Thrall
MARAS: Mobile, Adaptable and Rapidly Assembled Structures – Vol. 136 (June 2014)

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Lightweight transformable structures: Materialising the synergy between architectural and structural engineering

N. Temmerman, K. Roovers, L.A. Mira, A. Vergauwen, A. Koumar, S. Brancart, L.D. Laet, M. Mollaert
MARAS: Mobile, Adaptable and Rapidly Assembled Structures – Vol. 136 (June 2014)

read more
An integrated approach to conceptual design of arch bridges with curved deck

L. Todisco
Master Thesis – Technical University of Madrid (July 2014)

read more
Deployable scissor arch for transitional shelters

L. A. Mira, A. P. Thrall, N. D. Temmerman
Automation in Construction – Vol.43 (July 2014)

Journal

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Deployable scissor arch for transitional shelters

L. A. Mira, A. P. Thrall, N. D. Temmerman
Automation in Construction – Vol 43 (July 2014)

Journal

read more
State on the Art of Computational Tools for Conceptual Structural Design

A. Rolvink, C. Mueller, J. Coenders
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Brasilia: Shells, Membranes and Spatial Structures: Footprints (September 2014)

Proceedings

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The Agency of Event: Event based Simulation for Architectural Design

M. Tamke, P. Nicholas, J. Riiber
ACADIA: Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture – Design Agency (October 2014)

Proceedings

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Balancing energy efficiency and structural performance through multi-objective shape optimization: Case study of a rapidly deployable origami-inspired shelter

C. P. Quaglia, N. Yu, A. P. Thrall, S. Paolucci
Energy and Buildings – Vol. 82 (October 2014)

Journal

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Karamba – A toolkit for parametric structural design

C. Preisinger, M. Heimrath
Structural Engineering International – Vol 24 Issue 2 (May 2014)

Book

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Parametric structural grid

E. Pirker
Master Thesis – Technical University Graz (March 2014)

read more
Emergent Hybrid Prefab Structures in Dwellings

R.Vierlinger, A. Hofmann, K. Bollinger
IASS: International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures – Wroclaw: Beyond the Limits of Man (September 2013)

Proceedings

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A framework for flexible search and optimization in parametric design

R.Vierlinger, A. Hofmann
Design Modelling Symposium – Rethinking Prototyping (October 2013)

read more
SKIN: An Open Negotiation between Form, Function and Materiality

G. Riether, K. Rahimzadeh
SIGraDi: Sociedad Iberoamericana de Gráfica Digital (November 2013)

read more
Performativer Tragwerksentwurf am Beispielvon Freiformflächen

P. Ole Ohlbrock
Master Thesis – Technical University of Munich & Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (September 2013)

read more
Multi Objective Design Interface

R. Vierlinger
Master Thesis – Technical University of Vienna (April 2013)

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Structural optimisation of deployable scissor structures using new computational methods

L. Alegria Mira, N. Temmerman, C. Preisinger
WIT Transactions on The Built Environment (June 2012)

read more
Linking structure and parametric geometry

C. Preisinger
Architectural Design – Vol. 83, Issue 2 (March 2012)

Book

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Evolutionary Structural Optimization Revisited

C. Preisinger, R.Vierlinger, A. Hofmann, K. Bollinger
(September 2011)

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Design Oriented Generation of Complex Structures

C.Preisinger, A. Hofmann, K. Bollinger
Modern Methods and Advances in Structural Engineering and Construction (June 2011)

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